I ēnei rā, i roto i ngā mahi whaihua, kua whanake haere ngā motuka iti mai i te whakahaere tīmatanga māmā me te tuku hiko i ngā wā o mua ki te whakahaere tika i tō rātou tere, tūranga, taipana, me ētahi atu, inā koa i roto i te aunoatanga ahumahi, te aunoatanga tari me te aunoatanga kāinga. Tata ki te katoa e whakamahi ana i ngā hua whakauru hiko e whakakotahi ana i te hangarau motuka, te hangarau hiko iti me te hangarau hiko mana. Ko te hikohiko he ia e kore e taea te karo i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā motuka iti me ngā motuka motuhake.
Ka whakauruhia e te hangarau motika-iti o ēnei rā ngā hangarau hangarau teitei maha pērā i ngā motika, ngā rorohiko, te ariā whakahaere, me ngā rauemi hou, ā, kei te neke atu i te ope taua me te ahumahi ki te oranga o ia rā. Nō reira, me urutau te whanaketanga o te hangarau motika-iti ki ngā hiahia whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi pou me ngā ahumahi hangarau teitei.
Ngā horopaki whakamahinga whānui:
1. Ngā motuka iti mō ngā taputapu kāinga
Hei whakatutuki tonu i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi me te urutau ki ngā hiahia o te ao mōhiohio, kia tutuki ai te penapena pūngao, te whakamarie, te whatunga, te mōhio, tae atu ki ngā taputapu whatunga (ngā taputapu mōhiohio), he tino tere te huringa whakakapinga o ngā taputapu kāinga, ā, he nui ngā whakaritenga e whakatakotoria ana mō ngā motuka tautoko. Ngā whakaritenga mō te whai huatanga, te iti o te haruru, te iti o te wiri, te utu iti, te tere whakarerekē me te mōhio. Ko ngā motuka iti e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu kāinga e 8% o te katoa o ngā motuka iti: tae atu ki ngā hauhautanga, ngā mīhini horoi, ngā pouaka whakamātao, ngā oumu ngaruiti, ngā pā hiko, ngā horoi korehau, ngā mīhini whakamaroke wai, me ētahi atu. Ko te tono ā-tau i te ao he 450 ki te 500 miriona waeine (huinga). Kāore tēnei momo motuka i te tino kaha, engari he whānuitia ngā momo. Ko ngā ia whanaketanga o ngā motuka iti mō ngā taputapu kāinga ko:
①Ka whakakapia haeretia ngā motuka kore-paraihe ā-wāhanga kotahi e ngā motuka kore-paraihe aukume tuturu;
② Whakahaerehia te hoahoa kua arotauhia, me te whakapai ake i te kounga me te whai huatanga o te hua;
③Whakamahia ngā hanganga hou me ngā tukanga hou hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
2. Ngā motuka iti mō ngā motuka
Ko te 13% o ngā mōtini iti mō ngā motuka, tae atu ki ngā whakaputa hiko tīmatanga, ngā mōtini horoi, ngā mōtini mō ngā hauhautanga me ngā pā whakamatao, ngā mōtini ine tere hiko, ngā mōtini hurihuri matapihi, ngā mōtini raka tatau, me ētahi atu. I te tau 2000, tata ki te 54 miriona waeine te hanga motuka o te ao, ā, ko te toharite o ia motuka he 15 mōtini, nō reira e 810 miriona waeine te hiahia o te ao.
Ko ngā kaupapa matua mō te whanaketanga o te hangarau motini iti mō ngā motuka ko:
①He tino pai te mahi, he nui te putanga, he penapena pūngao
Ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna whai huatanga mahi mā roto i ngā mehua pēnei i te tere tere, te kōwhiringa rauemi aukume mahi-teitei, ngā tikanga whakamatao whai hua-teitei, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kaiwhakahaere.
②Matauranga
Mā te mōhiotanga o ngā motuka me ngā kaiwhakahaere o te motuka ka taea te oma pai rawa atu me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko.
3. Ngā motuka iti mō te taraiwa me te whakahaere hiko ahumahi
E 2% te nui o tēnei momo mōtini iti, tae atu ki ngā taputapu mīhini CNC, ngā taputapu whakahaere, ngā karetao, me ētahi atu. Ko te nuinga he mōtini servo AC, he mōtini hiko hiko, he mōtini DC tere whānui, he mōtini paraihe AC, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā momo mōtini, ā, he nui ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō tēnei momo mōtini. He momo mōtini tēnei e tere piki haere ana te hiahia.
Te au o te whanaketanga o te motika iti
I muri i te urunga ki te rautau 21, e rua ngā take matua e pā ana ki te whanaketanga pumau o te ōhanga o te ao – te pūngao me te tiaki taiao. I tētahi taha, me te ahunga whakamua o te hapori tangata, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga a te tangata mō te kounga o te oranga, ā, kei te kaha haere te mōhiotanga ki te tiaki taiao. Kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia ngā motuka motuhake i roto i ngā umanga ahumahi me te keri anake, engari i roto hoki i ngā umanga arumoni me ngā umanga ratonga. Ina koa kua nui ake ngā hua kua uru ki te oranga whānau, nō reira ko te haumaru o ngā motuka ka whakararu tika i te haumaru o te tangata me ngā taonga; ka noho te wiri, te haruru, te pokanoa hikohiko hei tūponotanga tūmatanui e whakapoke ana i te taiao; ko te whai huatanga o ngā motuka e pā tika ana ki te whakapaunga pūngao me te tukunga o ngā hau kino, nō reira kei te kaha haere ngā whakaritenga o te ao mō ēnei tohu hangarau, kua kukume i te aro o te umanga motuka o roto me tāwāhi, mai i te hanganga motuka, kua mahia ngā rangahau penapena hiko i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te hangarau, ngā rauemi, ngā wāhanga hiko, ngā ara iahiko whakahaere me te hoahoa hikohiko. I runga i te mahi hangarau pai rawa atu, ka whakatinanahia hoki e te huringa hou o ngā hua motuka moroiti ngā kaupapa here e tika ana mō te kaupapa o te penapena pūngao me te tiaki taiao. Mā ngā paerewa o te ao ka whakatairangahia te ahunga whakamua o ngā hangarau e pā ana, pērā i te tā motini hou, te hoahoa takai, te whakapai ake i te hanganga hauhautanga me ngā rauemi uruhanga aukume teitei iti-ngaronga, ngā rauemi aukume tūturu whenua onge, te hangarau whakaiti haruru me te whakaiti wiri, te hangarau hikohiko mana, te hangarau whakahaere, me te hangarau whakaiti pokanoa aukume me ētahi atu rangahau tono.
I raro i te whakaaro kei te tere haere te ia o te ao ōhanga, kei te aro nui ake ngā whenua ki ngā take nui e rua o te tiaki pūngao me te tiaki taiao, kei te kaha haere ngā whakawhitiwhiti hangarau me te mahi tahi o te ao, ā, kei te tere haere te tere o te auahatanga hangarau, ko te ia whanaketanga o te hangarau motuka moroiti ko:
(1) Te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matatau me ngā hangarau hou, me te whakawhanake i te huarahi hikohiko;
(2) Te whai huatanga teitei, te penapena pūngao me te whanaketanga matomato;
(3) Te whakawhanake ki te pono me te hototahi hikohiko;
(4) Whakawhanakehia kia iti te haruru, kia iti te wiri, kia iti te utu me te utu;
(5) Whakawhanakehia kia matatau, kia kanorau, kia mātau hoki.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te whanake haere ngā motuka moroiti me ngā motuka motuhake i te huarahi o te whakarōpūtanga, te whakakotahitanga, te whakauru hikohiko atamai me te kore paraihe, te kore-matua rino me te aukumetanga pumau. Ko te mea tino hira ko te whānui haere o te mara tono o ngā motuka moroiti me ngā motuka motuhake, ka pāngia te taiao e te pānga ki ngā huringa, kāore e taea e ngā motuka mātāpono hikohiko tuku iho te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko te whakamahi i ngā whakatutukitanga hou i roto i ngā marautanga e pā ana, tae atu ki ngā mātāpono hou me ngā rauemi hou, hei whakawhanake i ngā motuka moroiti me ngā mātāpono kore-hikohiko kua noho hei huarahi nui i roto i te whanaketanga motuka.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-01-2023